When the transparent, gel-like material in the centre of your eye (vitreous) shrinks, it exerts enough traction on the thin layer of tissue lining the back of your eye (retina) to cause a tear in the tissue. It’s frequently accompanied by symptoms like floaters and flashing lights that appear out of nowhere.

The presence of fluid beneath the retina indicates a retinal detachment. When fluid travels through a retinal tear, the retina lifts away from the underlying tissue layers, causing this to happen.

The tiny blood vessels (capillaries) in the back of your eye can weaken and leak fluid into and under the retina if you have diabetes. This causes the retina to enlarge, causing your vision to blur or distort. It’s also possible that you’ll create new, aberrant capillaries that will burst and bleed. Your vision will also deteriorate as a result of this.

Epiretinal membrane is a fragile tissue-like scar or membrane that lies on top of the retina and resembles crinkled cellophane. This membrane presses up on the retina, causing your vision to be distorted. Objects may appear skewed or blurry.

A macular hole is a little hole at the back of your eye’s retina in the centre (macula). The hole may form as a result of aberrant traction between the retina and the vitreous, or as a result of an eye injury.

Macular degeneration causes the centre of your retina to deteriorate. This causes symptoms such as blurred central vision or a blind spot in the centre of the visual field. The two types of macular degeneration are wet and dry macular degeneration. In one or both eyes, many people will experience the dry form first, then the moist form.

Retinitis pigmentosa is an inherited degenerative disease. It slowly affects the retina and causes loss of night and side vision.